MLI23604 - Post-Medieval Settlement of Spalding - Lincolnshire Heritage Explorer

Monument record MLI23604 - Post-Medieval Settlement of Spalding

Summary

Post-medieval settlement of Spalding.

Type and Period (12)

SETTLEMENT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
CESS PIT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD? to 1599 AD)
DITCH (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
POST HOLE (Post Medieval - 1700 AD to 1899 AD)
GULLY (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
FLOOR (Post Medieval - 1670 AD to 1900 AD)
PIT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
DRAIN (Post Medieval - 1840 AD? to 1900 AD?)
WALL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
CELLAR (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
FOLLY (Post Medieval to Modern - 1714 AD to 2050 AD)
INN (Post Medieval - 1600 AD to 1699 AD)

Protected Status/Designation

Conservation Area: Spalding

Full Description

[This record only details the archaeological evidence for post-medieval settlement in Spalding. For general settlement information, please see (PRN 23603), and see (PRN 23602) for archaeological evidence in the medieval period.] FOR EASE OF USE THIS RECORD HAS BEEN SPLIT INTO SOME STREETS/AREAS WITH SMALLER STREETS BEING GROUPED TOGETHER TOWARDS THE BOTTOM OF THE RECORD CHURCH STREET and adjacent streets Trial trenching was undertaken at TF 2481 2249 (PRN 23604a). A series of walls, some of which represent the same structure, and foundations were found. A flat-bottomed feature was recorded; this may be an area that has been cleared prior to construction. Pits were found that contained building debris, brick tile and mortar powder, although one pit yielded domestic food waste in the form of cockle and oyster shells. Evidence suggests that as in medieval times the area flooded at least once in the post-medieval period. {1}{2} Evaluation was undertaken at TF 2490 2256 (PRN 23604b). Early post medieval building foundations and industrial/domestic refuse deposits dumped over a floor surface were recorded. Brick foundations, pits and several drainage gullies dating to later in the post medieval period were also recorded. These may be related to a brick and stone floor and a brick wall that have had a cellar located adjacent to its northern side. {3}{4} Trial trenching at TF 250 225 (PRN 23604c) revealed a range of late post medieval archaeological features. These features include a 17th century ditch and a 19th century garden wall. {5}{6} Trial trenching centred on TF 2500 2255(PRN 23604h) revealed several features dating to the post-medieval period. These included a cesspit, later used as a rubbish pit, ditches and gullies, and a vitrified brick surface thought to be associated with industrial processes. Building debris suggests the presence of structures in the vicinity, possibly industrial in nature. Flood deposits overlaid the 18th/19th century deposits. {19}{20} A watching brief was carried out at TF 2500 2255,(PRN 23604h) the former site of Acres Mill. It revealed some post medieval pottery sherds and a clay pipe bowl, a possible pit was also recorded and was interpreted as a rubbish pit containing some sherds and animal remains. {21}{22} Further trial trenching was undertaken at TF 2498 2249 (PRN 23604a) which uncovered a 17th century flood deposit and a 17th century ditch containing a considerable amount of burnt material implying that a house fire occurred at that date in the vicinity. {39}{40} An archaeological scheme of works was implemented during and following groundworks associated with the construction of a new rectory on land at Halmer Gate, Spalding. The work consisted of an archaeological watching brief (Event ELI6458) and an examination of dressed stone fragments found scattered on the site (Event ELI6459). Only two archaeological features were exposed in the watching brief: a section of a 15th or 16th century refuse pit and a feature of 19th century date, possibly a refuse pit, which had disturbed earlier Medieval material (PRN 23604r). An examination of dressed and worked stone fragments found on the site concluded that a number of them probably originated as parts of the former Benedictine Priory (PRN 22355) and the nearby Church of St Mary and St Nicolas (PRN 22383). In total, 59 fragments of medieval to post-medieval date were recorded.{45}{46} SWAN STREET During trial trenching at Swan Street TF 2461 2275 (PRN 23604d) a Victorian brick soakaway with associated drainage and made ground were identified. It is probable that this activity was associated with the infilling of the River Westlode. {7}{8} A watching brief at Swan Street TF 236 227 (PRN 23604e) recorded post-medieval features include building remains; in the form of walls, brick-built floors, brick-lined soakaways, foundation trenches, cellars and pits. These can be broadly interpreted as the remains of buildings seen on the first edition 1888 OS map. Trench 1 also exposed approximately 1.4m of Victorian mass fill deposits and drainage, these being associated with the infilling of the River Welland to the south of the development area in the early part of the 19th century. {9}{10} NEW ROAD Evaluation was undertaken at TF 247 228 (PRN 23604f). The evaluation revealed late 16th and 17th century deposits that were thought to have been used to make more of the land beside the river habitable. Post-holes indicate the possible presence of timber buildings, and a 17th century pit and brick wall was recorded. It is thought that the wall represented the base of a timber building; the building was filled with a demolition deposit also dating to the 17th century, suggesting a short lifespan for the structure. {11}{12} A watching brief was undertaken at TF 2476 2277 (PRN 23604p) revealed post-medieval flooding and a pit containing butchery waste. Later post-medieval outbuildings on the site were recorded, one of these structures contained reused medieval stone. One piece was identified as part of a frieze or cornice perhaps from a window or door. {37}{38} During a watching brief and archaeological excavation at 18-19 New Road (TF 2475 2284), structural remains dating to the post medieval period were uncovered (PRN 23604u). The structure is of stone-built construction and was first constructed during the medieval period (see PRN 23602t). It was remodelled in brick in the 19th century and converted into a garage in the 20th century. A range of pits, gullies, post holes and wall fragments surrounding the building suggest that it was accompanied by outbuildings of possible domestic or agricultural function. A large quantity of tankards, mugs, cups and other drinking vessels in a variety of pottery types were also found. These strongly suggest the presence of an inn or tavern (PRN 23604v) on or near the site during the 17th century. {50}{12} MARKET PLACE TF 2480 2259 (PRN 23604g). During trial trenching, post-medieval domestic occupation activity was recorded; typified by flood deposits, dumped layers, refuse pits and other features. The Chinese porcelain and German stonewares recorded imply trade, though possibly not with Spalding directly. The pottery assemblage illustrates the modest affluence of the occupants of the properties, especially in the mid-18th century. {13}{14} TF 2480 2259 (PRN 23604g).Dumped deposits of post medieval date were identified as well as a 17th-18th century wig curler. {15}{16} TF 2480 2259 (PRN 23604g).The watching brief revealed several elements of post medieval buildings and two brick wells, approximately 1m in diameter. A large assemblage of pottery was recovered from the site, although the majority of it was late 19th - early 20th century there were several sherds that are 17th and 18th century in date. Some post medieval and later building materials were recovered together with some lathe turned bone discs of the same date, these were probably used as decorative mounts. {17}{18} Excavation at TF 2480 2271(PRN 23604n) revealed evidence of levelling, buildings and cobbled surfaces (15th-17th century) and also cellars and a cess pit. {28}{35} VINE STREET/BRIDGE STREET and adjacent streets A watching brief was carried out at Bedford Place TF2482 2248 (PRN 23604i). This produced evidence for 18th to 20th century occupation. A wall of possible 18th century date was revealed, it appears that earlier remains, if they exist are buried at substantial depth within this area. Finds include 17th-20th century pottery, fragments of animal bone, oyster shells and some metal work. {23}{24} A watching brief at TF 247 225 (PRN 23604i) identified a post medieval cellar. The line of the front wall corresponds with the present street frontage, implying that Vine Street is nor of any great antiquity and was formerly sealed by a continuous terrace. {25} Post medieval and Modern deposits were revealed during the excavation of two trial trenches off Vine Street TF 2476 2251 (PRN 23604m) included a brick well and wall. These, coupled with brick rubble layers in both trenches indicate that a suggested row of cottages almost certainly did exist here prior to demolition in the 1950s and 1960s. {33}{34} TF2487 2271 (PRN 23604j). Varied post medieval pottery found, a group dating to about 1800 on the site of Harrington House, including porcelain, salt glazes, Delft and slipware. {26}{27}{28} TF2505 2287 (PRN 23604k). An evaluation on land adjacent to Double Street identified a pit and a drainage ditch of 16th-17th century in date, probably representing the earliest activity on the site. There was also evidence for later habitation on the site in the 18th and 19th centuries. There were numerous rubbish pits and a rapid build up of topsoil. Part of the site investigated was on the opposite side of Double Street at TF 2506 2282. {29}{30} During a watching brief on the site TF 2505 2287 (PRN 23604k), two fragments of clay pipe were found, as well as deep wells to the north of both house footings. The walls were excavated by machine to a depth of 3m, but Health and Safety regulations prevented further work. The wells remain undated, but are unlikely to be earlier than post-medieval. {31}{32} At TF 2469 2210 (PRN 23604o) while trial trenching a ditch containing 15th to 17th century pottery was recorded. {36}{37} During a trial trench at TF 2514 2296 (PRN 23604p) a linear feature at least 4 metres wide was excavated. It appears to have been backfilled in the mid 18th century, and contained pottery of that date. There was also a timber post in this fill. There was also remains of clay pipe production found on the site, including pipe stems attached to kiln lining. This implies that production was nearby. {41}{42} Archaeological evaluation (trial trenching) at TF 2504 2278 (PRN 23604q) identified a number of archaeological features dated to the early and later post-medieval periods. The earlier post-medieval features included a layer containing fragments of building material and pottery dating to the 16th to 17th century and a post-hole containing a single sherd of 16th to 17th century pottery. The later post-medieval features included pits, ditches and walls dated to the 18th to 19th century. The later post-medieval features are probably associated with the construction of a warehouse or barn in the 1880s. {43}{44} A Georgian folly wall can be found at TF24907 22734 (PRN 23604s). This wall, locally known as 'Tom White's Arch', incorporates a 14th century window in its construction. The window includes tracery and dressed stone derived from Oolitic limestone (probably sourced from Barnack). The stone may have come from nearby Dembleby House or from building debris associated with Spalding Priory. The construction of the folly wall (and window) may be connected to the rebuilding of the eastern window of the parish church, by Gilbert Scott in the early 19th Century. A site visit to the arch was undertaken by the Planning Archaeologist for South Holland. The archway and a large amount of re-used medieval dressed stone and masonry was noted and photographed.{47}{48} Post-medieval pottery was recovered during a watching brief on land at Westlode Street (TF 2497 2283, PRN23604t). {48}{49} During archaeological evaluation on land to the rear of the Red Lion public house at PRN 23604U in November 2007, NAU Archaeology opened three trial trenches. A probably 17th century well, an area of 19th century building and 16th to 18th century pottery was revealed in Trench One. In Trench Two a late 19th century wall, a possible backfilled cellar, a 17th to 18th century pit and 15th to 18th century pottery was found and in Trench Three an 18th to early 19th century walls and 15th to 17th century pottery was uncovered. Butchered animal bones and late 17th to 18th century clay pipe were also found. {53}{54}

Sources/Archives (55)

<01> SLI7818 Report: Archaeological Project Services. 2002. Land between 9 and 15 Church Street, Spalding. CSC 02.
<02> SLI7819 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 2002. Land between 9 and 15 Church Street, Spalding. LCNCC: 2002.186.
<03> SLI1836 Report: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT SERVICES. 1995. EVALUATION AT 2/3 HIGH STREET, SPALDING. SCS 95.
<04> SLI1511 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 1995. EVALUATION AT 2/3 HIGH STREET, SPALDING. LCNCC: 77.95.
<05> SLI8759 Report: Pre-Construct Archaeology. June 2003. Proposed New Parsonage, Land Off Halmer Gate, Spalding. HGS03.
<06> SLI8760 Archive: Pre-Construct Archaeology. June 2003. Proposed New Parsonage, Land Off Halmer Gate, Spalding. LCNCC: 2003.111.
<07> SLI8502 Report: Pre-Construct Archaeology. 2003. Former Tyre Depot, Swan Street, Spalding. TDSS 03.
<08> SLI8503 Archive: Pre-Construct Archaeology. 2003. Former Tyre Depot, Swan Street, Spalding Archaeological Trial Excavation Report. LCNCC 2003.2.
<09> SLI9096 Report: Pre-Construct Archaeology. Sept 2003. Former Tyre Depot, Swan Street, Spalding - Archaeological Watching Brief. FTSS 03.
<10> SLI9097 Archive: Pre-Construct Archaeology. Sept 2003. Former Tyre Depot, Swan Street, Spalding - Archaeological Watching Brief. LCNCC: 2003.240.
<11> SLI8926 Report: Archaeological Project Services. August 2003. Archaeological Evaluation at 18 - 19 New Road, Spalding. SPNR 03.
<12> SLI8927 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 2003-06. Archaeological Investigations at 18 - 19 New Road, Spalding. LCNCC: 2003.264.
<13> SLI6122 Report: Archaeological Project Services. June 2000. Evaluation on land at 18/19 Bridge Street & 1 Market Place, Spalding. SPBS 00.
<14> SLI6123 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. June 2000. Evaluation on land at 18/19 Bridge Street & 1 Market Place, Spalding. LCNCC: 2000.99.
<15> SLI7159 Report: Archaeological Project Services. 2001. Boreholes at 1 Market Place and 18-19 Bridge Street, Spalding. SBS 01.
<16> SLI7160 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 2001. Boreholes at 1 Market Place and 18-19 Bridge Street, Spalding. LCNCC: 2000.99.
<17> SLI9178 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 2004. 18/19 Bridge Street and 1 Market Place. SBS 03.
<18> SLI9177 Report: Archaeological Project Services. 2004. 18/19 Bridge Street, 1 Market Place. LCNCC: 2000.99.
<19> SLI6917 Report: Archaeological Project Services. Nov 1999. Land to the rear of Old Acres Mill, Spalding. SAM99.
<20> SLI6918 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. Nov 1999. Land to the rear of Old Acres Mill, Spalding. LCNCC 268.99.
<21> SLI7412 Report: Archaeological Project Services. 2001. Acres Mill, Spalding.. SAM00.
<22> SLI7413 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 2001. Acres Mill, Spalding.. LCNCC:268.99.
<23> SLI5111 Report: Archaeological Project Services. 1998. Watching brief of development at Bedford Place. SBP 97.
<24> SLI1472 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 1998. Watching brief of development at Bedford Place. LCNCC: 236.97.
<25> SLI7430 Report: Trust for Lincolnshire Archaeology. 2000. Vine Street, Spalding. -.
<26> SLI3284 Index: SMR FILE. SPALDING. TF 22 SE: Q.
<27> SLI4689 Unpublished Document: HEALEY, R.H.. 1965. PARISH FILE. SPALDING. -.
<27> SLI8470 Archive: M & M Archaeological Services. Ayscoughfee Hall School, Welland Hall, London Road, Spalding. LCNCC: 2002.498.
<28> SLI634 Article in Serial: SYMONDS, J.. 1988. FENLAND RESEARCH. No 5 Page 34.
<29> SLI1876 Report: Archaeological Project Services. 1996. LAND ADJACENT TO DOUBLE STREET, SPALDING. SDS 96.
<30> SLI1559 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. 1996. LAND ADJACENT TO DOUBLE STREET. LCNCC: 115.96.
<31> SLI5992 Report: Archaeological Project Services. May 2000. Watching brief on land at Double Street, Spalding. SDSA 99.
<32> SLI5993 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. May 2000. Watching brief on land at Double Street, Spalding. LCNCC: 305.99.
<33> SLI5817 Report: Pre-Construct Archaeology. Feb 2000. Land off Vine Street, Spalding. VSW 00.
<34> SLI5818 Archive: Pre-Construct Archaeology. 2000. Land off Vine Street, Spalding. LCNCC: 2000.28.
<35> SLI796 Article in Serial: 1988. TRUST FOR LINCOLNSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGY FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT.
<36> SLI8469 Report: M & M Archaeological Services. 2002. Ayscoughfee Hall School, Welland Hall, London Road, Spalding. AHSS 02.
<37> SLI9758 Archive: Lindsey Archaeological Services. 2004. The Punch Bowl public house, 37 New Road, Spalding. LCNCC 2004.41.
<38> SLI9757 Report: Lindsey Archaeological Services. 2004. The Punch Bowl public house, 37 New Road, Spalding. PBS 04.
<39> SLI9910 Report: Archaeological Project Services. Dec 2003. Trial trench on land between 9 and 5 Church Street, Spalding. SCS03.
<40> SLI9911 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. Dec 2003. Trial trench on land between 9 and 5 Church Street, Spalding. LCNCC 2003.283.
<41> SLI10178 Report: Archaeological Project Services. Feb 2005. Trial trench on Land at Albion Street, Spalding. SAS04.
<42> SLI10179 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. Feb 2005. Trial trench on Land at Albion Street, Spalding. LCNCC 2004.165.
<43> SLI10233 Report: Archaeological Project Services. Sep 2002. Archaeological Evaluaton on land at Double Street, Spalding. SDSA02.
<44> SLI10234 Archive: Archaeological Project Services. Sep 2002. Archaeological Evaluaton on land at Double Street, Spalding. LCNCC 2002.406.
<45> SLI10440 Report: Pre-Construct Archaeology. Mar 2005. Archaeological Watching Brief at the New Rectory, Land off Halmer Gate, Spalding. HGSP03.
<46> SLI10441 Archive: Pre-Construct Archaeology. Mar 2005. Archaeological Watching Brief at the New Rectory, Land off Halmer Gate, Spalding. LCNCC 2004.160.
<47> SLI10573 Verbal Communication: 2006. Verbal communication regarding "Tom White's Arch", Spalding. -.
<48> SLI10576 Report: Thames Valley Archaeological Services. 2006. Land at Westlode Street, Spalding. WSS05/03.
<49> SLI10577 Archive: Thames Valley Archaeological Services. 2006. Land at Westlode Street, Spalding. LCNCC 2006.43.
<50> SLI11244 Report: Archaeological Project Services. 2006. Archaeological Excavation and Watching Brief on Land at 18-19 New Road, Spalding. SPRN03.
<51> SLI12676 Report: NAU Archaeology. 2009. An Archaeological Excavation at Ayscoughfee Hall Gardens, Spalding, Lincolnshire. SAHG08.
<52> SLI12677 Archive: NAU Archaeology. 2009. An Archaeological Excavation at Ayscoughfee Hall Gardens, Spalding, Lincolnshire.
<53> SLI13167 Report: NAU Archaeology. 2008. An Archaeological Evaluation at Red Lion Street, Spalding. SRLS07.
<54> SLI13168 Archive: NAU Archaeology. 2008. An Archaeological Evaluation at Red Lion Street, Spalding. LCNCC 2007.239.

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Location

Grid reference	Centred TF 2487 2244 (754m by 1472m) Estimated from sources
Civil Parish	SPALDING, SOUTH HOLLAND, LINCOLNSHIRE

Related Monuments/Buildings (1)

Related to: Settlement of Spalding (Monument) (MLI23603)

Related Events/Activities (30)

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Record last edited

Aug 25 2021 9:08AM

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