Monument record MLI82016 - Late Roman settlement, Leadenham Quarry, Welbourn
Summary
Late Roman settlement, Leadenham Quarry, Welbourn. Remains found to date appear to relate to a production centre/villa complex, with features including two corn driers and evidence for possible tile-making and lead working.
Type and Period (11)
- SETTLEMENT (Roman - 250 AD to 409 AD)
- PIT (Roman - 250 AD to 409 AD)
- EXTRACTIVE PIT (Roman - 250 AD to 409 AD)
- DITCH (Roman - 250 AD to 409 AD)
- TRACKWAY (Roman - 250 AD to 409 AD)
- GULLY (Roman - 200 AD to 399 AD)
- WALL (Roman - 250 AD? to 299 AD?)
- FLOOR (Roman - 250 AD? to 299 AD?)
- CORN DRYING OVEN (Roman - 250 AD? to 299 AD?)
- METAL WORKING SITE (Roman - 250 AD? to 409 AD?)
- MILL (Roman - 250 AD? to 409 AD?)
Protected Status/Designation
- None recorded
Full Description
PRN 61900
A watching brief and excavation recorded ancillary features which were thought to relate to a Roman settlement/villa complex dating to around the mid 3rd century. A trackway or droveway, aligned east/west, was flanked by quarry pits thought to have been used for building material as no traces of road metalling were recorded (however, the site had been heavily truncated, so this is not certain). Two stone structures were revealed to be corn drying kilns. Structure 1 was placed in a shallow depression and was flanked by quarry pits to the north and east. Built of limestone, the structure measured approximately 7.5m by 5.4m, and contained a T-shaped stone flue, a large pit and a flagged floor. The external quarry pits appear to have been reused as rubbish pits for activities carried out in Structure 1. Structure 2 consisted of an H-shaped stone flue measuring approximately 3.3m by approximately 1.4m. To the south of the structure, a shallow cut was surrounded by limestone flags, possibly a small wall or boundary. The base of the cut was metalled, possibly forming an external working area. A small pit containing animal bone was cut into this surface. The corn driers contained deposits of charred cereal grain, especially spelt wheat. Some of the grain in Structure 1 had germinated, suggesting it may have been used for malting and brewing. The grain in Structure 2 had not germinated, suggesting it was being dried for storage or milling for flour. This interpretation is supported by finds of three large pieces of millstone from Structure 2, suggesting grain milling on a larger than domestic scale and the existence of a grain processing complex/mill. An undated four- or six-post structure with quantities of charred grain in the postholes may have been used as a storehouse. A second undated four-post structure is probably contemporaneous with this. The corn driers appear to have last been used around the mid 3rd to 4th century, when they were demolished and backfilled. {1}
Finds including a rare Nene Valley parchment ware dish and a possible stylus indicate that the site was of high status and probably a villa site, the lack of personal items amongst the finds suggesting that the corn driers were situated some way from the main occupation focus. Other finds include possible lead ingots and spills, possibly indicating lead working in the vicinity, and underfired tegulae, suggesting tile-making in the area. The lack of imbrices suggests that at least some of the Roman building material was reused. {1}
Sources/Archives (1)
- <1> SLI7016 Report: Archaeological Services WYAS. May 2001. Leadenham Quarry Volumes 1 and 2. passim.
Map
Location
Grid reference | Centred SK 9637 5256 (303m by 303m) |
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Civil Parish | WELBOURN, NORTH KESTEVEN, LINCOLNSHIRE |
Related Monuments/Buildings (0)
Related Events/Activities (2)
- Event - Intervention: Leadenham Quarry- Excavation (ELI2356)
- Event - Intervention: Leadenham Quarry- Watching brief (ELI2355)
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External Links (0)
Record last edited
Mar 21 2021 8:35PM
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