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Description

Reasons for Designation A standing cross is a free standing upright structure, usually of stone, mostly erected during the medieval period (mid 10th to mid 16th centuries AD). Standing crosses served a variety of functions. In churchyards they served as stations for outdoor processions, particularly in the observance of Palm Sunday. Elsewhere, standing crosses were used within settlements as places for preaching, public proclamation and penance, as well as defining rights of sanctuary. Standing crosses were also employed to mark boundaries between parishes, property, or settlements. A few crosses were erected to commemorate battles. Some crosses were linked to particular saints, whose support and protection their presence would have helped to invoke. Crosses in market places may have helped to validate transactions. After the Reformation, some crosses continued in use as foci for municipal or borough ceremonies, for example as places for official proclamations and announcements; some were the scenes of games or recreational activity. Standing crosses were distributed throughout England and are thought to have numbered in excess of 12,000. However, their survival since the Reformation has been variable, being much affected by local conditions, attitudes and religious sentiment. In particular, many cross-heads were destroyed by iconoclasts during the 16th and 17th centuries. Less than 2,000 medieval standing crosses, with or without cross-heads, are now thought to exist. The oldest and most basic form of standing cross is the monolith, a stone shaft often set directly in the ground without a base. The most common form is the stepped cross, in which the shaft is set in a socket stone and raised upon a flight of steps; this type of cross remained current from the 11th to 12th centuries until after the Reformation. Where the cross-head survives it may take a variety of forms, from a lantern-like structure to a crucifix; the more elaborate examples date from the 15th century. Much less common than stepped crosses are spire-shaped crosses, often composed of three or four receding stages with elaborate architectural decoration and/or sculptured figures; the most famous of these include the Eleanor crosses, erected by Edward I at the stopping places of the funeral cortege of his wife, who died in 1290. Also uncommon are the preaching crosses which were built in public places from the 13th century, typically in the cemeteries of religious communities and cathedrals, market places and wide thoroughfares; they include a stepped base, buttresses supporting a vaulted canopy, in turn carrying either a shaft and head or a pinnacled spire. Standing crosses contribute significantly to our understanding of medieval customs, both secular and religious, and to our knowledge of medieval parishes and settlement patterns. All crosses which survive as standing monuments, especially those which stand in or near their original location, are considered worthy of protection. Fulbeck village cross is a good example of a medieval standing cross with a stepped base. Situated on the village green, it is believed to stand in or near its original position. Minimal disturbance of the area immediately surrounding the cross indicates that archaeological deposits relating to the monument's construction and use are likely to survive intact. While parts of the cross have survived since medieval times, subsequent restoration has resulted in its continued use as a public monument and amenity. Details The monument includes Fulbeck village cross, a standing stone cross of medieval and later date. The cross, which stands in a green to the south east of the parish church, is of stepped form with a shaft and cross-shaped head. The monument includes the base, composed of three steps and a socket-stone, all of which are principally medieval in date; it also includes the shaft and head, which date from a late 19th-century restoration. The steps are roughly square in plan and are constructed of limestone blocks which have been partially restored. On the top step stands the socket-stone, composed of two chamfered, rectangular slabs. The upper slab tapers slightly, and there are four small holes in the upper face. Set into the centre of the socket-stone is the cross-shaft, which tapers upwards from a base of rectangular section with chamfered corners. Above it is a knop and an ornamented, cross-shaped head. The shaft and cross-head were added to the medieval steps and socket-stone in the later 19th century to a design by Edward Trollope. The full height of the cross is nearly 5m. This cross is Listed Grade II. Sources Books and journals Davies, D S, 'Lincolnshire Notes and Queries' in Ancient Stone Crosses in Kesteven, , Vol. XII no.5, (1913), 141 Other St. Nicholas' Church, Fulbeck, Lincolnshire, church guide current 1993

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