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Description

Reasons for Designation Long barrows were constructed as earthen or drystone mounds, generally with flanking ditches. They acted as funerary monuments during the Early and Middle Neolithic periods (3400-2400 BC), representing the burial places of Britain's early farming communities, and as such are amongst the oldest field monuments surviving in the present landscape. Where investigated, long barrows appear to have been used for communal burial, often with only parts of the human remains having been selected for interment. Certain sites provide evidence for several phases of funerary activities preceding the construction of the barrow mound, including ditched enclosures containing structures related to various rituals of burial. It is probable, therefore, that long barrows acted as important spiritual sites for their local communities over considerable periods of time. The long barrows of the Lincolnshire Wolds and their adjacent regions have been identified as a distinct regional grouping of monuments in which the flanking ditches are continued around the ends of the barrow mound, either continuously or broken by a single causeway towards one end. More than 60 examples of this type of monument are known; a small number of these survive as earthworks, but the great majority of sites are known as cropmarks and soilmarks recorded on aerial photographs where no mound is evident at the surface. Not all Lincolnshire long barrows include mounds. Current limited understanding of the processes of Neolithic mortuary ritual in Lincolnshire is that the large barrow mound represents the final phase of construction which was not reached by all mortuary monuments. Many of the sites where only the ditched enclosure is known have been interpreted as representing monuments which had fully evolved mounds, but in which the mound itself has been degraded or removed by subsequent agricultural activity. In a minority of cases, however, the ditched enclosure will represent a monument which never developed a burial mound. As a distinctive regional grouping of one of the few types of Neolithic monuments known, these sites are of great value. They were all in use over a great period of time and are thus highly representive of changing cultures of the peoples who built and maintained them. All forms of long barrow on the Lincolnshire Wolds and its adjacent regions are therefore considered to be of national importance and all examples with significant surviving remains are considered worthy of protection. Although the buried remains of the long barrow 300m north west of Lake Farm are not visible on the ground, the infilled ditch survives well and will retain, together with the old, buried ground surface, artefactual and organic material, including human remains. These will provide rare and valuable evidence relating to the date of construction, period of use and funerary practices of the barrow builders. Environmental evidence preserved in the same features may illustrate the landscape in which the monument was set. The long barrow is one of a number of similar monuments which, focussed in the area of the Waithe Beck, imply that the location had considerable ritual significance in the Neolithic period. Evidence from this group of barrows may have implications for the study of prehistoric settlement patterns and demography. Details The monument includes the buried remains of a Neolithic long barrow situated 300m north west of Lake Farm, on the west-facing slopes of the Croxby Beck valley. Although the monument cannot be seen on the ground, its infilled and buried ditch is clearly visible from the air as a cropmark. The cropmark (an area of enhanced crop growth resulting from higher levels of moisture retained by the underlying archaeological features) has been recorded on aerial photographs since 1969. The area of the barrow is defined by an oblong ditch with convex terminals. The ditch measures 48m by 19m overall and is oriented north east-south west, following the contours of the hill slope. The ditch circuit is complete and the absence of any causeway suggests that the monument is an example of the simple form of Lincolnshire Wolds long barrow which was unelaborated by the construction of a large earthen mound. Situated approximately 1.3km south of the Ash Holt long barrow, the subject of a separate scheduling, the monument is thought to be one of a group of similar sites focussed on the Waithe Beck and its adjacent valleys. A series of rectilinear cropmarks and the possible remains of a small circular enclosure are located in the area adjacent to the monument. It is not possible to determine the nature, extent and date of these features, but they are not thought to be associated with the long barrow and are therefore not included in the scheduling. Sources Other oblique monochrome print, St Joseph J K, AXN 75, (1969) oblique monochrome print, St Joseph J K, AXN 76, (1969)

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