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Description

Reasons for Designation A standing cross is a free standing upright structure, usually of stone, mostly erected during the medieval period (mid 10th to mid 16th centuries AD). Standing crosses served a variety of functions. In churchyards they served as stations for outdoor processions, particularly in the observance of Palm Sunday. Elsewhere, standing crosses were used within settlements as places for preaching, public proclamation and penance, as well as defining rights of sanctuary. Standing crosses were also employed to mark boundaries between parishes, property, or settlements. A few crosses were erected to commemorate battles. Some crosses were linked to particular saints, whose support and protection their presence would have helped to invoke. Crosses in market places may have helped to validate transactions. After the Reformation, some crosses continued in use as foci for municipal or borough ceremonies, for example as places for official proclamations and announcements; some were the scenes of games or recreational activity. Standing crosses were distributed throughout England and are thought to have numbered in excess of 12,000. However, their survival since the Reformation has been variable, being much affected by local conditions, attitudes and religious sentiment. In particular, many cross-heads were destroyed by iconoclasts during the 16th and 17th centuries. Less than 2,000 medieval standing crosses, with or without cross-heads, are now thought to exist. The oldest and most basic form of standing cross is the monolith, a stone shaft often set directly in the ground without a base. The most common form is the stepped cross, in which the shaft is set in a socket stone and raised upon a flight of steps; this type of cross remained current from the 11th to 12th centuries until after the Reformation. Where the cross-head survives it may take a variety of forms, from a lantern-like structure to a crucifix; the more elaborate examples date from the 15th century. Much less common than stepped crosses are spire-shaped crosses, often composed of three or four receding stages with elaborate architectural decoration and/or sculptured figures; the most famous of these include the Eleanor crosses, erected by Edward I at the stopping places of the funeral cortege of his wife, who died in 1290. Also uncommon are the preaching crosses which were built in public places from the 13th century, typically in the cemeteries of religious communities and cathedrals, market places and wide thoroughfares; they include a stepped base, buttresses supporting a vaulted canopy, in turn carrying either a shaft and head or a pinnacled spire. Standing crosses contribute significantly to our understanding of medieval customs, both secular and religious, and to our knowledge of medieval parishes and settlement patterns. All crosses which survive as standing monuments, especially those which stand in or near their original location, are considered worthy of protection. Harlaxton village cross is a good example of a medieval standing cross with a stepped base and carved socket-stone surviving in good condition. Situated at a road junction in the village centre, it is believed to stand in or near its original position. Limited development of the area immediately surrounding the cross indicates that archaeological deposits relating to the monument's construction and use in this location are likely to survive intact. While parts of the cross have survived since medieval times, subsequent restoration has resulted in its continued use as a public monument and amenity. Details The monument includes Harlaxton village cross, a standing stone cross located on a small green at a road junction in the village centre. The cross is of stepped form and is medieval and later in date. The monument includes the base, comprising two steps, a plinth and a socket-stone, and the shaft. The cross is Listed Grade II. The base includes two steps, both octagonal in plan. The lower step is principally constructed of worn limestone slabs and measures about 2.7m in width and is 0.21m high and 0.43m deep; it is surrounded by a small modern concrete plinth. The upper step is constructed of a green sandstone and is about 0.14m high and 0.36m deep. The lower step is medieval in date while the upper represents a late 19th-/early 20th-century restoration. Also dating to the restoration is the moulded plinth which rests on the upper step; it is octagonal in section and tapers upwards to a height of about 0.33m. Resting on the plinth is the medieval socket-stone, of white limestone, also octagonal in section. The sides of the socket-stone are carved with alternating shields and quatrefoils. Set into the socket-stone is the shaft, which is composed of two stones of tapering octagonal section: the lower is broad, measuring 1.7m in circumference at the base, and stands 0.55m high; onto it fits the upper, of white limestone, which tapers to a cone-shaped point. The upper stone is medieval, while the lower was added during the restoration. The full height of the cross is nearly 3m. Sources Books and journals Davies, D S, 'Lincolnshire Notes and Queries' in Ancient Stone Crosses in Kesteven, , Vol. XII no.5, (1913), 141-142

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